A patchwork of cones

Article Abstract:

At normal viewing distance they eyes cannot resolve the individual pixels on the screen of a colour television. Both television screens and PC monitors are the most popular applications of the Young-Helmholtz theory of trichromacy, stating the colour vision is based on three types of cone within the retina. Neurobiologists are uncertain of the circuit subserving trichromatic colour vision, but Roorda and Williams have gone some way towards addressing the problem. They have taken the analysis of the cone mosaic further, and have shown the distribution of long wavelength L-cones, medium wavelength M-cones and short wavelength S-cones in the human eye, using an optical system, correcting for the bad imaging of the cornea and lens.

Color vision

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Pharmacology of GABA receptor Cl- channels in rat retinal bipolar cells

Article Abstract:

Chemical modulators of retinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A-receptor were evaluated for their pharmacological effect on the GABA-B receptor. GABA, an inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter, controls the bicuculline-sensitive chloride negative (Cl-) channels through the A receptor and the bicuculline-insensitive cation channels through the B receptor. The modulators flunitrazepam, pentobarbital and alphaxalone failed to prevent the GABA-B receptor from opening the bicuculline-insensitive Cl- channels in rod bipolar cells of the rat retina while picrotoxinin had only a minor blocking effect.

Physiological aspects, Chloride channels

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Novel GABA responses from rod-driven retinal horizontal cells

Article Abstract:

Mediated current response data from isolated rod-driven horizontal cells (H4) indicate the existence of a third class of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is an important neurotransmitter that helps to regulate the central nervous system. The new receptors, designated GABA-C, augment the previously known A and B receptors. Test of H4 cells from white perch retina show that GABA-C produces a chloride-mediated current response due to activation by cis-4-aminocrotonic acid and other GABA analogues.

Neurotransmitters

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