Adenylyl cyclases and the interaction between calcium and cAMP signalling

Article Abstract:

Adenylyl cyclase, a second messenger generator in cellular signal transduction, is regulated by cytosolic calcium ions. An inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by Ca2+ results in an increase of cellular cyclic AMP levels. In contrast to the earlier view of a prominent role of G-protein alpha-subunits, findings suggest a predominant role of protein kinase C, Ca2+ and beta gamma subunits of G proteins in the regulation of adenylyl cyclases. Adenylyl cyclases are huge polypeptides similar to transporter molecules.

Usage, Calcium ions, Cellular signal transduction, G proteins, Adenylate cyclase, Cyclic adenylic acid, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

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Spanning binding sites on allosteric proteins with polymer-linked ligand dimers

Article Abstract:

Allosteric effector proteins such as cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels mediate the activities of cyclic nucleotides. Polymer-linked ligand dimers (PLDs) were synthesized by a reaction of a sulphydryl derivative of cGMP with a vinylsulphone-derivatized polyethyelene glycol (PEG). PLDs were applied to excised patches containing rat olfactory or bovine rod photoreceptor CNG channels. Some PLDs showed apparent affinities that were higher than cGMP.

Protein binding

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Single cyclic nucleotide-gated channels locked in different ligand-bound states

Article Abstract:

An innovative technique makes it possible to analyse the workings of an allosteric membrane protein, the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. The experiment shows the process of channel activation by cyclic GMP and also examines the conformational changes in proteins caused by the binding of small molecules. Details of the study are presented.

Ligand binding (Biochemistry), Allosteric enzymes

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