An extreme distortion of the Van Allen but arising from the 'Hallowe'en' solar storm in 2003

Article Abstract:

The Earth's radiation belts known as the Van Allen belts contain high-energy electrons trapped on magnetic field lines, the outer Van Allen belt as on 2003 was compressed dramatically by a solar storm know as the 'Hallowe'en storm'. The extreme distortion and displacement of the outer radiation belt during the Hallowe'n storm was associated with a major reduction of the Earth's plasmasphere.

Environmental aspects, Earth, Van Allen radiation belts

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Cavity cooling of a microlever

Article Abstract:

Experimental evidence for passive optical cooling of a micro mechanical resonator is presented. Cavity-induced photothermal pressure is developed to quench the brownian vibrational fluctuations of a gold-coated silicon microlever from room temperature down to an effective temperature of 18 K.

Cavity resonators, Mechanical properties, Resonators

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Bismuth embrittlement of copper is an atomic size effect

Article Abstract:

Embrittlement by the segregation of impurity elements to grain boundaries is one of a small number of phenomena that can lead to metallurgical failure by fast fracture. The different ways in which minute traces of bismuth in copper cause ductile metal to fail in a brittle manner is explored.

Primary copper, Primary Smelting and Refining of Copper, Copper Alloys, Alloys

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