Cold answers to hot issues

Article Abstract:

Studies from ice-core drilling projects in central Greenland and Antartica reveal the different climatic conditions that existed during the last 200,000 years, and advancement attesting to the connections between climate and aerosol chemistry, including sulphur species. The projects help in obtaining a stronger basis for translating ice-core chemistry into atmospheric chemistry. Ice-cores provide valuable information and are a cheaper means of obtaining information for global models of atmospheric chemistry.

Usage, Greenland, Climatic changes, Climate change, Drilling machines, Drilling and boring machinery, Boring machines

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Profiles of the past

Article Abstract:

Temperature measurements through the ice up to 250m above bedrock give an insight into the temperature changes during the last glacial period. The changes progress into the ice sheet through diffusive ice and heat flow. The changes in temperatures between the glacial and interglacial periods are higher than presumed. Isotopic, physical and chemical studies of the constituents of ice reveals new facts about temperature and atmospheric chemistry in the glacial and interglacial cycle.

Observations, Temperature measurements, Temperature measurement, Ice sheets

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Thorny issues in neurons

Article Abstract:

J. Eilers, G. J. Augustine and A. Konnerth have investigated the synaptic impact activity of the Purkinje neurons. Electrophysiological studies reveal that the changes in dendritic concentration of secondary messengers such as calcium cause the synaptic activity at various levels. The synaptic activity is a basic activity essential for the passing of messages from the nerve tips to the brain. The calcium concentration occurs only in the spines and spiny branchlets.

Research, Neuroplasticity, Purkinje cells

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