Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or mutualism?

Article Abstract:

Analysis of the evolutionary basis of cooperation in male lions to maintain exclusive access to groups of females, as revealed by playback experiments, suggests that males residing with females approach the roars of strange males to exhibit cooperative behavior, which is not dependent on kinship or the behavior of a male's companions. Mutualism forms the evolutionary basis of cooperation, which is affected by the number of intruders and the extent of cover.

Lions

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A role for daily greeting in maintaining seahorse pair bonds

Article Abstract:

Experimental studies of the role of daily greeting in maintaining seahorse pair bonds show that daily greetings strengthen the pair bond, contributing to monogamy in seahorse. Given a choice, females mate frequently with a male she has greeted regularly than with her previous mate. The daily meeting of wild seahorse pairs can explain the mating of greeting pairs even on the first day of courtship.

Sexual behavior, Sea horses, Courtship of animals, Mating behavior

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Individual and sex differences in the provisioning calls of European bee-eaters

Article Abstract:

Analysis of the spectrograms of the provisioning calls of European bee-eaters reveals the existence of individual differences in these calls. Provisioning calls are given by parent birds to chicks when visiting the nest to feed the chicks. Sex differences between provisioning calls are not significant and are not adequate for the chicks to establish the sex of the caller.

Bee eaters

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