Emplacement of Taupo ignimbrite

Article Abstract:

A model for emplacement of the Taupo ignimbrite from a turbulent dilute pyroclastic current is in sharp contrast with the model of a concentrated current offered for the explanation of the New Zealand deposit. In the former, the current is driven by the momentum of the overall dilute system, while in the latter, the current is driven mainly by momentum of the concentrated basal portion. Turbulence in the current is also a requirement for the transport of particles in the former model, while it is only one of many possible mechanisms during transport in the latter. No sound basis for three aspects of the first model was also found.

Analysis, New Zealand, Natural history, Volcanoes, Rocks, Igneous, Igneous rocks

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Origin of modal and rhythmic igneous layering by sedimentation in a convecting magma chamber

Article Abstract:

Igneous minerals form as sediments at the bottom of magma chambers through a complex process of crystallization and convection. Experiments involving a tank of water containing silicon carbide grit duplicated magmatic conditions and provided additional details about sedimentation. Crystals form until a critical concentration of them results in sediment, followed by a convection layer without crystals that slows sedimentation. Basalts and other low-viscosity magmas are affected by this process.

Models, Magmatism, Magma

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Entrainment in turbulent gravity currents

Article Abstract:

Environmental and industrial flows are usually modelled using laboratory gravity currents. Significant information on turbidity currents, pyroclastic flows, avalanches, accidental dense gas releases, fire propagation and emission of industrial pollutants can be learned through the manner by which these flows are diluted with distance by surrounding fluid. An experimental technique to quantify entrainment of ambient fluid into a horizontally propagated gravity current is presented.

Gravity waves, Gravity waves (Meteorology), Turbidity currents

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