Evolution of cooperation in a finite homogeneous graph

Article Abstract:

An inclusive fitness analysis is provided for deriving a simple analytical condition for the selective advantage of a cooperative allele in any graph for which the structure satisfies a general symmetry condition. The results have shown that cooperation can invade if players choose partners along relatively high-weight edges and the inclusive fitness calculations can predict relative fixation probability in a large class of graphs.

Allelomorphism, Alleles, Population research

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Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species

Article Abstract:

Research reveals that languages are more threatened than biological species and the current extinction rates are above the background levels. Data indicate that rare languages are more likely decline first than commoner ones. Furthermore, human settlement time does not significanly affect language diversity. Parallel data from birds and mammals are presented.

Analysis, Observations, Language and languages, Extinction (Biology), Linguistic analysis (Linguistics)

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Development with a bite

Article Abstract:

A simple developmental cascade system is described that is accurate in predicting the number and relative sizes of the molar teeth, thus explaining how the arbitrary palaeontological observations are related to one another.

Natural history, Mammals, Dentition, Structure, Molars

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