Group size dynamics of red deer in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland

Article Abstract:

Long-term data of red deer (Cervus elaphus) group sizes collected at 3 timescales in Biolowieza Primeval Forest, Poland, from 1986 to 2003 was analyzed. On the daily scale, group size differed among periods of the day for females in summer and autumn but not winter while group size of males did not differ among periods of the day during any season. On seasonal scale, both sexes had larger group sizes in winter than summer, and males were always more solitary than females.

Goods & services distribution, Channels of Distribution, Distribution, Red deer, Company distribution practices, Population ecology, Bialowieza National Park, Poland

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Wolf depredation on domestic animals in the Polish Carpathian Mountains

Article Abstract:

The spatial and temporal patterns of wolf depredation in the eastern part of the Polish Carpathian Mountains are examined. Wolf predation intensity is a function of decreasing abundance of red deer, the density of sheep farms and is facilitated by poor husbandry practices.

Behavior, Demographic aspects, Food and nutrition, Predation (Biology), Wolves

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