Human effect on global climate?

Article Abstract:

Similarities in the vertical temperature patterns of free-atmosphere and global-climate models, including combinations of carbon dioxide, sulphate and stratospheric ozone, increased between 1963-87. This is an indication of human effect on the global climate. The increasing similarity is due to the cooling pattern in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, and by asymmetry in the hemisphere in the lower and middle troposphere. However, these changes are also due to temperature changes at higher altitudes, and due to the time chosen at lower altitudes.

Environmental aspects, Observations, Human beings, Human-environment interactions, Global temperature changes, Atmospheric carbon dioxide

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Constraints on Earth accretion deduced from noble metals in the oceanic mantle

Article Abstract:

The average oceanic-mantle Os/Ir ratio cannot be distinguished from that in the Cl-type carbonaceous chondrites. However, ratios of Ru/Ir, Pt/Ir and Pd/Ir are around 40% higher. It is possible that mixing of differentiated outer-core material back into the mantle following core separation is the explanation for the observed noble-metal ratios. Evidence from this work tends to support the view that deep-seated mantle plumes account for all or most of the upward convective mass transfer in the mantle.

Research, Earth, Crust (Geology), Precious metals

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