Increased ultraviolet radiation in New Zealand (45 degrees S) relative to Germany (48 degrees N)

Article Abstract:

Ultraviolet radiation levels in New Zealand in the summer of 1990-1991 were twice as high as in the corresponding northern latitudes in Germany during the same period. This difference in biologically harmful radiation, detected through spectral data obtained using the same spectroradiometer, results from reduced stratospheric ozone over New Zealand and increased tropospheric ozone over Germany. This is the first confirmation of hemispheric variation in ultraviolet levels.

Germany, New Zealand

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Enhancements in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation following volcanic eruptions

Article Abstract:

The eruptions of two volcanoes, El Chichon in 1982 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991, caused a rise in the level of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UV-BE) that reached the Earth's surface by releasing aerosols that weakened the stratospheric ozone layer. A radiative transfer model of the volcanoes' effect on UV-BE found that the aerosols' ozone-destroying property overwhelmed the contrary tendency to reduce UV-BE levels by reflecting the radiation back into space.

Mount Pinatubo, El Chichon (Volcano)

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Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content

Article Abstract:

Observations of ocean heat content and a set of climate simulations are used to show that large volcanic eruptions result in rapid reductions in ocean heat content and global mean sea level. For the Mt Pinatubo eruption, a reduction in ocean heat content of about 3 X 10(super 22) J and a global sea-level fall of about 5mm.

United States, Sea level

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