Is charge quantization exact?

Article Abstract:

Anti-hydrogen may be a useful material for determining to what extent the electron and proton's electric charges are different from the charges of their respective antiparticles, the positron and the antiproton. The charge quantization of these particles is important because it may determine whether electrostatic repulsion explains the Universe's expansion as Einstein postulated in 1924. The Los Alamos National Laboratory's R.J. Hughes and the University of Aarhus's B.I. Deutsch hope that anti-hydrogen will be stable enough to allow the charges to be compared.

Protons, Electrons, Expanding universe, Positrons, Antiprotons

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Positioning the goalposts: the best environmental policy depends on how you frame the question

Article Abstract:

All arguments about sustainability lack agreement about long-term goals, or even what long term actually means. It will eventually become necessary to address a number of very difficult issues, including whether global policy should aim at the indefinite preservation of the human race. If this is the case, then it would involve investing more in carbon dioxide abatement and on avoiding asteroid impacts with the Earth. If survival beyond the red-giant phase of the Sun is regarded seriously, then Mars would be colonized earlier than would otherwise be wise.

Analysis, Sustainable development

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Why microtubules grow and shrink

Article Abstract:

The growth and shrinking patterns of microtubules have been explained by the presence of the enzyme called GTP in the growing portion of the said structure. GTP is converted into GDT and this causes microtubules to grow continuously. This process called dynamical instability is explained analytically and using mathematical notation. This can be done assuming that microtubules are rooted from the same flat anchor plate in centrosomes.

Models, Cytology, Microtubules, Developmental cytology, Cell organelles, Organelles

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