Isolation of a hyperthermophilic archaeum predicted by in situ RNA analysis

Article Abstract:

A procedure to obtain pure cultures of unknown hyperthermophilic organisms harboring specific 16s rRNA sequences identified previously through in situ phylogenetic analysis combines visual recognition of single cells by phylogenetic staining and whole-cell hybridization using oligonucleotide probes. Aerobic and anaerobic water and sediment samples were taken from the Obsidian Pool located in the Mud Volcano area of Yellowstone National Park to isolate hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea. The results of this study validate the previous polymerase chain reaction data, indicating the existence of large archeal communities.

Methods, Bacteria, Polymerase chain reaction, Cultures (Biology), Ribosomal RNA

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Structure of astacin and implications for activation of astacins and zinc-ligation of collagenases

Article Abstract:

The X-ray crystal arrangement of the enzyme astacin has been determined to the 10 to 1.8 angstrom level using multiple isomorphous heavy-atom replacement. Astacin, a digestive zinc-endopeptidase derived from the crayfish Astacus astacus, is a round molecule containing a deep active-site cleft, zinc at the bottom ligated by three histidines, a water molecule and a more distant tyrosine. The third histidine may be the long-sought third zinc ligand of this type of enzyme including the vertebrate collagenases.

Models, Digestive enzymes, Collagenases

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A pivotal Archaea group

Article Abstract:

Barns and colleagues have discovered two Archaea sequence types that differ from all known archaeal sequences. The novel sequence types seem representative of Korarchaeota, a pivotal group in the phylogenetic tree. They were found in organisms taken from a hot spring in the mud volcano area of Yellowstone National Park. It is important to be able to culture and identify members of the new archaeal kingdom to understand how Archaea and Eukarya evolved.

Analysis, Archaeabacteria, Archaea

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