Keeping enhancers under control

Article Abstract:

The discovery of a third type of domain indicator, defined by locus control regions, in transgenic mice that act as insulators explains how genes prevent their promoters from activating gene transcription in adjacent genes. A protein BEAF-32 localized on interbands in Drosophila polytene chromosomes that binds to the scs boundary element is found to be responsible for the insulating properties of scs sequences. Insulators may explain eukaryotic gene regulation but further research is necessary.

Genetic regulation, Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Recombinant proteins

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Interaction of Wnt and a Frizzled homologue triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signalling

Article Abstract:

Genetic research demonstrates that Frizzled-2 rat protein raises intracellular calcium levels more in the presence of cellular agent Xwnt-5a. The enzyme inositol monophosphatase and phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway are actively involved in the reaction, and are suppressed by agents which also inhibit pertussis toxin and alpha-transducin. Evidence suggests that heterotrimeric G-protein subunits are involved.

Calcium metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylinositols

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A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes

Article Abstract:

Analysis of Y chromosomes, which are important elements in determining human origin, taken from a sample of 16 humans and four chimpanzees show that the Y Alu polymorphic element was incorporated into the human Y chromosome once after the emergence of the distinguishing characteristics between humans and chimpanzees. Results are consistent with earlier sequencing surveys that point to monomorphism.

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