Packing grains by thermal cycling

Article Abstract:

A systematic and controllable increase in granular packing can be induced by simply raising and then lowering the temperature, without the input of mechanical energy. Results of the thermal processing indicate many thermal effects in granular media, analogous to the effects of vibration, and demonstrate that thermal cycling provides an almost 'adiabatic' alternative to mechanical agitation for altering grain packing.

United States, Science & research, Food, Food packaging, Grain handling

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Interstellar grains in meteorites

Article Abstract:

The survival of the interstellar grains to the present day suggests that they existed before the origin of the Solar System and had not been exposed to the solar cosmic rays. These interstellar grains of silicon carbide, graphite and diamond are formed in meteorites outside the Solar System and their isotopic compositions reveal stellar nucleosynthesis and condensation close to carbon stars.

Composition, Interstellar matter, Interstellar medium

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Turning fields into grains

Article Abstract:

Research on cereal seeds and endosperm differentiation is examined in detail.

Grains, Botany, Plant embryology, Grain

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