Particle size and energetics of gouge from earthquake rupture zones

Article Abstract:

The study shows that gouge from the San Andreas fault, California, with ~160 km slip, and the rupture zone of a recent earthquake as of April 2005 in a South African mine with only ~0.4 m slip, display similar characteristics, in that ultrafine grains approach the nanometre scale, gouge surface areas approach 80 m(super 2) g(super -1), and grain size distribution is nonfractal. Details of the observed fine-grain gouge are discussed.

Environmental aspects, Earthquakes

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Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone

Article Abstract:

The field observations of a major tectonic fault, the laboratory experiments and numerical modeling have shown that stress rotation occurs within the fractured damage zone surrounding faults. The stress rotation is considerable for unfavorably oriented 'weak' faults, showing that the damage-induced change in elastic properties provide the necessary stress rotation to allow high pore pressure faulting without inducing hydrofracture.

Natural history, San Andreas Fault, Seismic prospecting, Seismic surveying, Tectonics, Tectonics (Geology)

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