Passive infrared spectroscopy of the eruption plume at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico

Article Abstract:

Volcanic gases are important in studies of deep-Earth processes, and gas composition and flux variations have uses as eruptive activity predictors. Techniques are described that expand on passive infrared spectroscopy to monitor gases at distances of more than 17 km. Their uses are demonstrated in high-temporal-resolution studies of explosive eruptions at Popocatepetl volcano in Mexico. A steady rise in SiF(sub4)/SO(sub2) was observed in the days preceding eruption.

Popocatepetl

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Nonlinear dynamics of lava dome extrusion

Article Abstract:

Shallow seismicity, ground deformation and short-lived explosive eruptions were observed during the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano and other dome eruptions, indicating large overpressures. This is explained by the nonlinear effects of crystallization and gas loss by permeable flow.

Nonlinear functional analysis

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Direct observation of a submarine volcanic eruption from a sea-floor instrument caught in a lava flow

Article Abstract:

Research is presented describing the loss and retrieval of a sea-floor pressure measurement instrument during an under-water volcanic eruption in 1998. The instrument remained intact and had stored much important data.

Oceanographic instruments

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