Reduction of urban hazards

Article Abstract:

A check on the urbanization of areas with the possibility of volcanic eruption is imperative to save major loss of life and property in the future. Population densities near active volcanoes have increased dramatically around the world. The impact of an eruption will multiply by several times because of the increased population density. This will offset efforts made by volcanologists to predict eruption and save life and property. Problems facing urban planners in seeking to reduce volcanic hazards in industrialized nations have become worse as volcanic eruptions have become a focus for recreation and tourism.

Usage, Environmental aspects, Observations, Simulation methods, Simulation, Urbanization

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Geochemical hazard indicators

Article Abstract:

Volcanic activity prediction can only be effective once volcano life and volume of stored magma are determined. Volcanologists have established in their study of Unzen volcano in Japan that lava chemistry and eruption volume are correlated. Significant variations in neodymium isotope compositions of eruptive sequences over the past 300,000 years imply that the isotopic signature of lava from a past eruption can predict volume of lava that is yet to be erupted. Several questions are still left unanswered since this is only the first predictive tool founded on the chemistry of erupted lava.

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How did the summer go?

Article Abstract:

Volcanic eruptions can affect weather patterns, as is shown by the explosion of the Huaynaputina volcano in Peru in 1600. This was followed by a cold summer in 1601 which was the coldest in a 600 year period. The location of an eruption affected its relationship with weather changes. An eruption in Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815 was followed by a cold summer in 1816. Tree growth and polar sulfate levels are both indicators of the link between cold weather and eruptions, but historical records of eruptions are incomplete.

Analysis, Weather, Volcanism

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