Regulation of rhythmic movements by purinergic neurotransmitters in frog embryos

Article Abstract:

Purinergic transmitters adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generate motor patterns and control run-down of swimming on the frog embryo. The use of specific agonists/antagonists not only facilitates the release of ATP during swimming but also activates P2y receptor. This in turn leads to increased excitation of the spinal motor circuits. Ectonucleotidases enhance the production of adenosine, which reduces the excitability of motor circuits. Adenosine opposes the action of ATP and the interplay between them controls the run down of motor patterns.

Analysis, Usage, Laboratory animals, Frogs, Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, Neurotransmitters, Adenosine, Frogs as laboratory animals

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Regulation of neuronal diversity in the Xenopus retina by Delta signalling

Article Abstract:

Delta, a ligand of the Notch receptor mediates a process in which Xenopus retinal progenitor cells are induced to differentiate sequentially. In an experiment where Delta-misexpressing cells were injected into Xenopus embryos, Delta-misexpressing cells with wild type neighbors adopt earlier fates, becoming ganglion cells and photoreceptors. Progenitors transfected with Delta later in development also produce rod photoreceptors, but not the latest generated cell types, demonstrating the importance of timing in the Delta function.

Retina, Stem cells

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Purine-mediated signalling triggers eye development

Article Abstract:

Studies reveal that the purine-mediated signalling triggers eye field transcription factor expression and eye development in Xenopus laevis.

Genetic aspects, Brain research, DNA binding proteins, Purine nucleotides

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