SMAD proteins and mammalian anatomy

Article Abstract:

The signal transducers Smad2 and Smad4 play a key role in early mammalian development. Smad2 signalling has been found to be vital for embryonic mesoderm formation and the establishment of anterior-posterior polarity. It was also established that developmental changes depend on the amount of Smad2 activity, with a defective phenotype usually only being apparent when both of a pair of genes are inactivated. This research highlights the role of transforming growth factor-beta-related factors in defining left-right asymmetry.

Cellular signal transduction, Mammals

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A WD-domain protein that is associated with and phosphorylated by the type II TGF-beta receptor

Article Abstract:

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-receptor interacting protein-1 (TRIP-1), which contains a WD-domain, binds to the type II receptor site (RII) of TGF-beta. Thus TRIP1 is probably involved in the signalling activity of TGF-beta during cell proliferation and morphogenesis. TRIP-1 is phosphorylated in the presence of RII. TRIP-1 coimmunoprecipitates with the complex formed by type I and type II receptors provided that the lysine of RII at 277 is not mutated to arginine.

Protein binding, Signal peptides, Cell proliferation, Growth factor receptors

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Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling

Article Abstract:

The transformation growth factor-beta proteins, which regulate cell function and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis are discussed. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, and Smad proteins are activated by receptors which translocate into the nucleus where they regulate transcription.

United States, Science & research, Growth factors, Bone morphogenetic proteins

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