Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles

Article Abstract:

Data obtained from an aerosol dynamics model with a ternary nucleation scheme suggest that nucleation in the troposphere should be ubiquitous, and produce a reservoir of thermodynamically stable clusters (TSCs) of between 1 nm and 3 nm in size. It is suggested that the growth of these clusters to a detectable size is limited by the availability of condensable vapour. The size of the TSCs is between the size of critical clusters and detectable aerosol particles, so it is hard to observe them. However, the TSCs are able to explain observed aerosol-formation bursts in the atmosphere.

Atmospheric nucleation, Atmospheric thermodynamics

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Achieving low-cost emissions targets: there has been much discussion about ways to reduce the rate of atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

Article Abstract:

It is important to implement a short-term abatement policy to ensure low cost reductions in CO2 emissions, and a carbon tax would be the most economically efficient and flexible way towards policy action. An article by Wigley, Richels and Edmonds showed that abatement costs could be kept low if the majority of CO2 abatement took place in the distant future. Others believe that a delay could be expensive. Carbon tax rates could be set according to marginal environmental damage, with rates increasing with time, encouraging the level of abatement to increase.

Prevention, Greenhouse gases

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Relative influences of atmospheric chemistry and transport on Arctic ozone trends

Article Abstract:

A model-based analysis of the relative significances of dynamics and chemistry in the Arctic ozone trend in the 1990s is presented, based on three-dimensional stratospheric chemistry transport models. Dynamical variations north of 63 degrees N were found to dominate the interannual variability, although increases in the burden of atmospheric halogens since the early 1970s are responsible for a 14% reduction in the average March column ozone.

Ozone, Atmospheric ozone

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