Fishing for morphogens

Article Abstract:

Research examining the existence of morphogens in vertebrates is presented. Particular attention is given to the history of morphogens and to evidence of the existence of the molecule in vertebrates, including the zebrafish. Aspects of the morphogens' functionality are considered.

Vertebrates

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Morphogens hitch a greasy ride

Article Abstract:

Morphogens-signalling proteins play an important part in animal development by inducing specific cellular fates in a concentration-dependent manner. The biologists have succeeded in measuring the biological effects of morphogens and is stated that understanding how they spread through tissues to generate a concentration gradient has proved challenging.

United States, Proteins, Hedgehogs

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The emergence of geometric order in proliferating metazoan epithelia

Article Abstract:

A discrete Markov model validated by time-lapse microscopy and clonal analysis is used to demonstrate that the distribution of polygonal cell types in epithelia is a direct mathematical consequence of cell proliferation in a fixed equilibrium distribution. The proliferation-dependent cell pattern, which forms the basis of pattern formation and morphogenesis of all metazoan epithelia, is confirmed from tissue studies of Drosophila and other vertebrate, arthropod and cnidarian organisms.

Epithelial cells, Metazoa, Metazoans, Cell proliferation

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