Treaty nations 'are exploiting Antarctica'

Article Abstract:

Measures to protect Antarctica may be failing according to a meeting of ministers. Environment ministers of New Zealand and Australia, Simon Upton and Robert Hill are calling for action against the illegal fishing industry in the Southern Ocean. The poaching could lead to the extinction of the toothfish in just two to three years, according to estimates by Australian scientists. Proposed measures to protect the toothfish included mandatory monitoring systems, scientific observers and uniform licensing and marking systems for vessels.

Environmental aspects, Antarctic regions

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Exploiting the defensive sugars of HIV-1 for drug and vaccine design

Article Abstract:

Studies to explore the contradictory role of HIV glycans as both powerful adaptations for virus survival and targets for therapeutic intervention were conducted. Results suggest that the array of protective structural carbohydrates that covers the antigens on the virus's surface, which have evolved to protect HIV and promote its transmission, are also attractive therapeutic targets.

United States, Science & research, Research, Causes of, HIV infection, HIV infections, AIDS vaccines, HIV antibodies

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Exploiting expression

Article Abstract:

New research has given an insight into how the elongated polyglutamine tract produces the progressive degeneration and neuron death that are a feature of Huntington's disease. It was found that the expanded tract hampers the apparatus for switching on and controlling genes, and thus disrupts gene expression.

Genetic aspects, Huntington's chorea, Huntington's disease

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