Wing upstroke and the evolution of flapping flight

Article Abstract:

Research of the m. supracoracoideus (SC) muscle suggests that its main role in elevating the upstroke of a wing of a bird in flight is to yield a high-velocity twisting of the humerus along the longitudinal axis. The SC has a unique musculoskeletal structure which has provided a selective advantage in flight evolution. The downstroke movements of the wing are less complex than the upstroke. The SC's contractile characteristics were studied in relation to the European starling.

Research, Birds, Letter to the Editor, Bird flight, Animal flight, Humerus

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Impact energy measurement in time-of-flight mass spectrometry with cryogenic microcalorimeters

Article Abstract:

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, particularly matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization (MALDI-TOF), is particularly important in the study of proteins. However success is limited in achieving good mass resolution at higher masses, due to the sensitivity of the microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, which decreases. Cryogenic particle detectors may be the solution, due to their sensitivity to single biomolecules.

Usage, Measurement, Force and energy, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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