Interactions between carbocations and anions in crystals
Article Abstract:
A study was conducted to analyze empirical rules about cation-anion interactions in salts of carbocations. Crystal packings were evaluated and classified into 18 categories of carbocations based on the substituents at the cationic C atoms. Interactions between the cationic sp C atom and 4-6 nucleophilic atoms from counterions were determined from five ordered and error-free salts. Results showed that the interactions of cationic C atoms and nucleophilic or electronic-rich atoms can be characterized by qualitative and quantitative empirical rules.
Publication Name: Chemical Reviews
Subject: Chemistry
ISSN: 0009-2665
Year: 1998
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Present general status of understanding of heteropoly electrolytes and a tracing of some major highlights in the history of their elucidation
Article Abstract:
A general understanding of heteropoly electrolytes and the major highlights in the history of their elucidation until 1970 are presented. This study also summarizes the contributions of continuing groups to the research of heteropoly anions since 1970. These include the works of Baker and co-workers, Howard T. Evans Jr and the Paris group. Furthermore, the works of new groups such as Eugenio Condrado's, Richard G. Finke's and Craig L. Hill's, are also mentioned.
Publication Name: Chemical Reviews
Subject: Chemistry
ISSN: 0009-2665
Year: 1998
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General characteristics
Article Abstract:
Carrier-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and optodes, their optical counterparts, have widespread use in medical assays, process control, and chemical analysis. Both types of electrodes utilize a carrier to reversibly bind ions of interest, initiating a measurable electrical potential or optically detectable change in color or fluorescence for comparison with a reference standard.
Publication Name: Chemical Reviews
Subject: Chemistry
ISSN: 0009-2665
Year: 1997
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