Computers Animate Films and Video
Article Abstract:
Computer animation today produces special effects in movies and makes all kinds of animation cheaper and faster. One of the most widely used computer animation techniques is automated in-betweening of cel animation. Computer-assisted key-frame animation lets the animator specify the motion extremes and the computer fills in the movement in between. Computer painting is also commonly used, with the animator painting an image into memory with a tablet and stylus and then outputting it onto a CRT. The artist uses menus to specify actions including selecting colors, stroking the brush, and filling areas. Computers also are used for three-dimensional animation. Models are constructed and manipulated to perform complex motion but require a large amount of computation for high- quality output. Research continues in antialiasing, shadow computation lighting and texturing, and body movement problems in 3D model animation. Examples of all of the animation technologies are illustrated.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1983
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Helping Computers Understand Natural Languages
Article Abstract:
Natural language (NL) understanding will help computers use English information and knowledge, enable user interactions to be simplified, and teach people more about cognitive processes. Programs performing grammar checks, interfacing operating systems, controlling systems, and performing other operations will be available in the next few years. A background of the development of natural language processes is given. Language understanding was once considered a top-down process. Now, parallelism in language is used for forming models. NL systems must be large for vocabulary and knowledge bases and capable of expansion. The Japanese fifth generation project hopes to make major advances by 1992, but real NL systems should be seen by the year 2000.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1983
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Taylor L. Booth on Computers: Software Is the Limitation
Article Abstract:
Software is becoming the limiting factor in advancing computer technologies as software development is a slower process. Software design technology is advancing with user aids, higher level languages, and reusable codes. Personal computers are taking over central computer tasks as they have more bits and the ability to link with networks grows. Also receiving research are knowledge- based systems, computer graphics, and natural languages.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1984
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