Metabolic heterogeneity of hepatocytes across the liver acinus

Article Abstract:

The position of hepatocytes in the liver acinus influences their metabolic function. Cells around arteries catalyze bile production, glucose synthesis and oxidative and protective metabolism. On the other hand, cells around veins exhibit activities related to glycolysis coupled with lipid synthesis, xenobiotic metabolism and glutamine synthesis. This zonation in hepatocyte function is dependent on their proximity to either an afferent or an efferent blood vessel. The differences in metabolite, hormone and oxygen concentrations in the two blood vessels cause variations in gene expression among the cells of portal units.

Liver

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Cysteine concentration regulates cysteine metabolism to glutathione, sulfate and taurine in rat hepatocytes

Article Abstract:

The effects of cysteine availability and source on its metabolism by murine hepatocytes were investigated in a cell culture system. Increasing the concentration of cysteine enhanced the production of glutathione, sulphate and taurine. Low cysteine concentrations favor the formation of glutathione while high concentrations promoted sulphate and taurine generation. The highest level of cysteine in the medium promoted its catabolism for taurine generation suggesting that taurine is a significant factor in cysteine clearance.

Research, Amino acid metabolism

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The splanchnic organs, liver and kidney have unique roles in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids and their metabolites in rats

Article Abstract:

A study was done on the role of the splanchnic organs, liver and kidney in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids and their metabolites in rats. It was shown that the liver removes methionine and cysteine from the diet, half of which are used for synthesis of glutathione which is released into the plasma. All of the taurine released by the hepatosplanchnic organs are removed by the kidneys. Conjugated sulfate moves from the intestines to the liver which releases its free form into the circulation.

Rats, Glutathione, Methionine, Taurine

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