Rifampin and Pyrazinamide vs Isoniazid for Prevention of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Persons: An International Randomized Trial

Article Abstract:

A two-month treatment with rifampin and pyrazinamide appears to be effective in preventing tuberculosis in HIV patients. Normally, these patients must take 6 to 12 months of isoniazid, but a shorter treatment would have fewer side effects and be easier to maintain. Researchers compared the two treatments in 1,583 HIV patients with a positive tuberculin skin test. Eighty percent of those taking the two-month treatment finished it, compared witih 69% of those taking the longer treatment. The two-month treatment was just as effective as the longer treatment in preventing active tuberculosis.

Drug therapy, Dosage and administration

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Discontinuation of prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy

Article Abstract:

HIV patients whose CD4 cell counts have risen because they are taking AIDS drugs probably do not need additional drug treatment to prevent Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Researchers randomly assigned 520 HIV patients to take the antibiotic azithromycin to prevent MAC disease or a placebo, or inactive substance. During the next 12 months, no patient in either group developed MAC disease. Mortality rates and the rate of progression of HIV infection were similar in the two groups.

Health aspects, Mycobacterial infections, Azithromycin, Mycobacterium infections

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A controlled trial of isoniazid in persons with anergy and human immunodeficiency virus infection who are at high risk for tuberculosis

Article Abstract:

Preventive tuberculosis treatment with isoniazid does not appear to be necessary in HIV-infected patients even if they have risk factors for tuberculosis. Researchers randomly assigned 517 HIV-infected patients with abnormal skin tests results to take isoniazid or placebo for six months. Over 90% had one or more risk factors for tuberculosis. After an average follow-up of two to three years, 3 of the 260 patients taking isoniazid had developed active tuberculosis. However, the risk of active tuberculosis was also low in the placebo group, occurring in 6 of 257 patients.

Care and treatment, Evaluation, Isoniazid

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