Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender: an analysis for South Asia and a conceptual framework
Article Abstract:
The idea of people's participation has long been part of development thinking. But today the management of local natural resources by village communities is widely accepted as an institutional imperative. It is therefore essential to examine how these institutions perform, especially from the perspective of the more disadvantaged. Based on extensive fieldwork among community forestry groups in India and Nepal, and existing case studies, this paper demonstrates how seemingly participatory institutions can exclude significant sections, such as women. It provides a typology of participation, spells out the gender equity and efficiency implications of such exclusions, and analyzes what underlies them. It also outlines a conceptual framework to help analyze the process of gender exclusion and how it might be alleviated. Key words -- participation, community forestry institutions, gender, bargaining framework, South Asia
Publication Name: World Development
Subject: International relations
ISSN: 0305-750X
Year: 2001
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Social policy and mortality decline in East Asia and Latin America
Article Abstract:
Since 1960, Chile and Costa Rica have improved life expectancy and infant survival as much as South Korea and Taiwan, despite growing more slowly, suffering more income poverty, and having more unequally distributed incomes. This paper analyzes the origins and impact of the publicly-funded social services that allowed Chile and Costa Rica to achieve rapid reductions in the risk of early death, despite relatively poor performance on income-related indicators; and explores how South Korea and Taiwan managed to achieve similar progress at reducing premature mortality, despite making less deliberate efforts to fund social services for the poor. Key words -- Asia, Latin America, health, poverty, development, mortality
Publication Name: World Development
Subject: International relations
ISSN: 0305-750X
Year: 2001
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Re-sounding the alert - gender, resources and community action
Article Abstract:
Gender inequality has not been eliminated by interventions such as new institutions, property rights and social relations. Instead, inequalities have become more entrenched with new ones being created. These include shifts in property rights which undermine women's participation in the management of natural resources. Government land distribution programs also grant large portions of cultivable lands to males.
Publication Name: World Development
Subject: International relations
ISSN: 0305-750X
Year: 1997
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