Japan's new trade secret law: we asked for it - now what have we got?

Article Abstract:

The Japanese Unfair Competition Prevention Law was amended in 1990 to increase trade secret protection in response to pressure from the US. Although the new law is substantively similar to US law, there are still procedural difficulties concerning protection of trade secrets during litigation. Provisions of the Japanese law are compared to US law with respect to subject matter eligible for trade secret protection, proscribed acts, secrecy standards, third-party liability, remedies, alternative dispute resolution, employee nondisclosure and noncompetition agreements, criminal sanctions and statute of limitations.

Japan, Japanese foreign relations, United States foreign relations

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The Economic Espionage Act: new criminal penalties for trade secret misappropriation

Article Abstract:

The 1996 Economic Espionage Act (EEA) will prove to be an important deterrent to trade secret misappropriation. The law provides stronger protections than earlier federal/state legislation. The EEA is applicable to foreign espionage and contains broad definitions of 'trade secrets' and 'theft' of trade secrets. The EEA's criminal forfeiture provisions, comprehensive prohibitions, conspiracy provisions, and strong penalties ideally will combine to stop much of the misappropriation increasingly common in the global business world.

Police Protection, Trade Secrets, Business intelligence, Competitive intelligence, international

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Reform within the social-market economy: an analysis of current labor market reforms in Germany and predicted market repercussions on the role of trade unions

Article Abstract:

The German government must undertake reforms in the labor market to address the country's high unemployment rate, which can be traced to wage rigidity, high labor costs, and disincentives created by social welfare programs. Proposed reforms should ensure the restructuring of labor laws to make Germany more competitive without undoing gains made for workers by trade unions. The unions must cooperate with in the government assuring these reforms are made.

Germany, Planning, Economic aspects, Forecasts and trends, Labor policy, Labor unions, Law reform, Legal reform

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