What Is the Koran?

Article Abstract:

In 1972 workers restoring a mosque in Yemen came across old versions of the Koran. After restoration and study discrepancies between the ancient texts and the modern version. This has many Muslims worried as the Koran is supposed to be the unchanging word of God. The Yemeni government is trying to keep a low profile on the study of the documents as many researchers are German.

Author: Lester, Toby
Interpretation and construction, History, Criticism and interpretation, Islam, Islamic history, Islamic law, Koran (Sacred work)

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Secondhand music: the chance harmonies of everyday sounds may mean more than we think

Article Abstract:

The sounds made by appliances, vehicles and machines, such as refrigerators, computers, subways and telephones, could be considered music. The sounds of the dial tone and the ringing on a telephone create a pleasant musical interval, while the dial tone and a busy signal create a dissonant interval.

Author: Lester, Toby
Analysis, Music, Sound, Sounds, Tonality, Musical intervals and scales

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New-alphabet disease: it's tough suddenly changing from one alphabet to another. Azerbaijan is on its third one this century

Article Abstract:

Azerbaijan changed alphabets in the 1920s from Arabic to Latin and in the 1930s from Latin to Cyrillic, and in 1991 the government instituted a return to the Latin alphabet. Political, social, cultural and religious reasons are behind these strange changes.

Author: Lester, Toby
Alphabets, Language and languages, Azerbaijan

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