Optimism and fundamentalism

Article Abstract:

Fundamentalist religions appear to engender more optimism, as measured by a questionnaire and linking this to the content of liturgy and sermons of nine religions, ranked in terms of fundamentalism or liberalism. The content of fundamentalist liturgy and sermons was more optimistic in tone, but this appears to be only part of the explanation, since involvement of individuals in the religions was among other contributory factors. The religions included Orthodox Jews and Muslims among the fundamentalists, and Reform Jews and Unitarians among the liberals. A category of moderate religions in between fundamentalists and liberals included Catholics, Lutherans and Conservative Jews.

Religious organizations, Analysis, Liberalism, Fundamentalism, Psychology, Religious, Psychology and religion

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Catastrophizing and untimely death

Article Abstract:

Research was conducted to examine explanatory style which people use to explain causes of deaths and disasters. This cognitive personality variable and attitudes of catastrophizing, self-blame and fatalism are correlated to depressive symptoms. Participants in the Terman Life-Cycle Study began in 1921-1922 completed questionnaires in 1936 and 1940 which were studied for explanatory style. Findings indicate that explanatory style had no specific link to death by illnesses while demonstrating the link between deaths and globality.

Research, Causes of, Death, Causation, Causation (Philosophy)

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Prevention of depressive symptoms in schoolchildren: two-year follow-up

Article Abstract:

Teaching cognitive and social problem-solving skills to children as they enter puberty is effective in preventing depressive symptoms. This was affirmed in a two-year study of 69 children in the fifth and sixth grades who were at risk for depression. The group was compared with a control group of 49 children who were not given any treatment. Fewer depressive symptoms were observed in the prevention group throughout the two-year follow-up. Moderate to severe symptoms among this group were also reduced by half.

Prevention, Elementary school students, Depression in children, Childhood depression

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