Opponents of appeasement: Western-educated Chinese diplomats and intellectuals and Sino-Japanese relations, 1932-37
Article Abstract:
The reaction and political activity of Western educated Chinese diplomats and intellectuals regarding the appeasement policy toward Japan instigated by Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek are examined. The author maintains the diplomats and intellectuals opposed the policy and advised the government to prepare for conflict with Japan, however, they were ignored and angered, even though appeasement was most likely the best policy to implement.
Publication Name: Modern Asian Studies
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0026-749X
Year: 2001
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National humiliation and national assertion: the Chinese response to the Twenty-one Demands
Article Abstract:
Japan's imperial designs on East Asia were evident in the Twenty-one Demands put forth to China in 1915. The Chinese responded with a surge of nationalism in which formerly disparate factions joined forces to counter the Japanese threat. Many of China's leading intellectuals turned away from Japan and towards the US after the humiliation caused by the demands, which greatly altered the course of early 20th-century Asian history.
Publication Name: Modern Asian Studies
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0026-749X
Year: 1993
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Who was Mr. Democracy? The May fourth discourse of populist democracy and the radicalization of Chinese intellectuals (1915-1922)
Article Abstract:
This article examines the 'May Fourth spirit' in China as interpreted by intellectuals in which a liberal democratization has been promoted. The author, analyzing the 'New Culture' intellectuals' definition of democracy, argues the intellectuals of the early 20th century were promoting a populist democracy, or democracy of the common people, which ultimately grew into revolutionary socialism.
Publication Name: Modern Asian Studies
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0026-749X
Year: 2001
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