The evolution of French rap music and hip hop culture in the 1980s and 1990s
Article Abstract:
Rap music and hip hop culture arrived in France from the US in the early 1980s and other varied sources. By the late 1980s, some French rappers were trying to inject a Gallic atmosphere into their work although they included criticism of French society and its norms. By the early 1990s, uncritical i itation of African-American musical styles ended. French rap music today is usually written in 'verlan' to music influenced by the reggae and ragamuffin styles. The three major ideologies expressed are 'hardcore', 'zulu' and 'pharaohism.'
Publication Name: The French Review
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0016-111X
Year: 1996
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Linguistic anthropology and the study of contemporary France
Article Abstract:
The application of linguistic anthropology to the study of contemporary France is discussed. Topics include linguistic ideologies in the 'loi Toubon' debate, the French language in relation to the nation-state, the use of English as cultural renunciation, and language standards in relation to social cohesion.
Publication Name: The French Review
Subject: Regional focus/area studies
ISSN: 0016-111X
Year: 2001
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