The politics of culture or the culture of politics: Afro-Brazilian mobilization, 1920-1968

Article Abstract:

This article addresses the marginalization of Afro-Brazilians during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The author, maintaining Brazilian elites prefered to hire European immigrants over the freed black population, discusses the mobilization of the Afro-Brazilian population in an effort to challenge social control and racism which was undermined by political racial ideology.

Political activity, History, Racism, Black power, Afro-Brazilians, Black power movement, Brazilian history

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Chinese role models and classical military philosophy in dealing with soldier corruption and moral degeneration

Article Abstract:

This article addresses the increasing corruption and lawlessness of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The author maintains in an effort to combat the moral decay of the Army ranks the government has launched a campaign that promotes Confucian moral ideals and the image of the soldier-hero.

China, International politics, Ethics, Behavior, Soldiers, Ethical aspects, Military policy, Armies, China. People's Liberation Army

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Torture 101: Lessons from the Brazilian case

Article Abstract:

A research based on the political, social, and cultural facilitating conditions that promote, encourage and excuse the torturing of prisoners in Iraq, Afghanistan and at Guantanamo is illustrated. Torture becomes systemic when those involved are not punished.

Afghanistan, Social aspects, Afghan foreign relations, United States foreign relations, Prisoners of war

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