A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance
Article Abstract:
This study investigated the process by which employee perceptions of the organizational environment are related to job involvement, effort, and performance. The researchers developed an operational definition of psychological climate that was based on how employees perceive aspects of the organizational environment and interpret them in relation to their own well-being. Perceived psychological climate was then related to job involvement, effort, and performance in a path-analytic framework. Results showed that perceptions of a motivating and involving psychological climate were related to job involvement, which in turn was related to effort. Effort was also related to work performance. Results revealed that a modest but statistically significant effect of job involvement on performance became nonsignificant when effort was inserted into the model, indicating the mediating effect of effort on the relationship. The results cross-validated well across 2 samples of outside salespeople, indicating that relationships are generalizable across these different sales contexts. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1996
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An investigation of the validity of expert true score estimates in appraisal research
Article Abstract:
Researchers of appraisal rating accuracy have defined ratee true scores as the mean ratings given by experts provided with enhanced opportunities to observe performance. The external validity of accuracy research depends on the relevance of these expert estimates to true performance. In our study, we provided expert raters with enhanced opportunities to view videotapes of five ratees under conditions of high true dimension intercorrelation or low true intercorrelation. The accuracy of expert ratings was compared with the accuracy of nonexpert ratings of the same tapes viewed under more typical rating conditions. Subjects' ratings were compared with ratee true scores defined in terms of objective worker output. Results indicated that experts were more accurate than nonexperts, regardless of the true dimension intercorrelations. Accuracy indices computed by using objective true scores were highly correlated with indices computed by using the mean expert ratings as true score estimates. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1989
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Impact of group goals, task component complexity, effort, and planning on group performance
Article Abstract:
This study tested a model asserting that goal difficulty and task component complexity influence group performance by affecting the effort exerted by group members, the amount and quality of their planning, and the timing of their planning (preplanning versus in-process planning). Hypotheses derived from this model were tested in a 2 x 2 experimental design. Fifty-six groups of 4 students each worked for 15 min building Tinkertoy structures. Results showed that group-goal difficulty influenced group performance through effort; task component complexity influenced performance through the amount of planning performed by group members and the level of effort invested in their work; and the quality of the group's planning process also influenced group performance. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1992
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