Factors affecting performance using touch-entry systems: tactual recognition fields and system accuracy
Article Abstract:
Two laboratory experiments were conducted that investigated the effects of a number of factors on performance using an on-display touch-entry system. Experiment 1 (n = 60) was carried out using a video display in a seated work station; horizontal angle of regard between the user and the display, size of the targets used, and gender were manipulated as factors. Experiment 2 (n = 72) was carried out in a standing work station; both horizontal and vertical angle of regard between the user and the display, presence or absence of optical parallax, and gender were manipulated as factors. Results showed that all of the factors affected how accurately the touch-entry system accepted the touches. Statistical simulation models were then constructed by computing system accuracy as a function of the size tactual recognition field used to capture the touch. It was possible both to accommodate the variability in performance among users and to minimize the effects of the manipulation factors on performance. This was the outcome for both seated and standing work stations. Implications of these results for the design of touch-entry systems are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
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Enhancing lineup identification accuracy: two codes are better than one
Article Abstract:
Ways of improving identification accuracy were explored by comparing the conventional visual lineup with an auditory/visual lineup, one that paired color photographs with voice recordings. This bimodal lineup necessitated sequential presentation of lineup members; Experiment 1 showed that performance in sequential lineups was better than performance in traditional simultaneous lineups. In Experiments 2A and 2B unimodal and bimodal lineups were compared by using a multiple-lineup paradigm: Ss viewed 3 videotaped episodes depicting standard police procedures and were tested in 4 sequential lineups. Bimodal lineups were more diagnostic than either visual or auditory lineups alone. The bimodal lineup led to a 126% improvement in number of correct identifications over the conventional visual lineup, with no concomitant increase in number of false identifications. These results imply strongly that bimodal procedures should be adopted in real-world lineups. The nature of memorial processes underlying this bimodal advantage is discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1989
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Social influence processes affecting adolescent substance use
Article Abstract:
Social influence is central to models of adolescent substance use. Nonetheless, researchers fail to delineate the various forms of social influence. A framework that distinguishes between active (explicit drug offers) and passive (social modeling and overestimation of friends' use) social pressure was tested. The effect of these processes on alcohol and cigarette use was examined with 526 seventh graders taking part in an alcohol prevention program. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that pretest measures of alcohol use, offers, modeling, and overestimation each accounted for unique variance in posttest alcohol use. Similar results were obtained for cigarette smoking. The general model was not significantly different for boys and girls, or for prior users and prior nonusers, supporting the generalizability of the framework. Implications for intervention programs are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1991
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