Power, situation, and leaders' effectiveness: an organizational field study
Article Abstract:
Prevalence and effectiveness of eight types of influence were studied in noncrisis and crisis circumstances. They were measured with the Influence Analysis Questionnaire, on which subordinates assessed the leadership ability of their superiors on eight subscales. Results indicated that open consultation was judged to be used more often in noncrisis than in crisis circumstances, whereas formal power, sanction power, and expert power were more prevalent in crisis situations. In addition to assessment of leadership by subordinates, each leader's managerial qualities were evaluated by his superior. It was found that more formal power was ascribed to effective leaders in crisis circumstances than in noncrisis circumstances; for their less effective colleagues, no difference appeared between situations. Predicted interaction effects with regard to sanction power and expert power were not found. Open consultation, however, was resorted to more often by the most effective leaders in noncrisis than in crisis situations, as predicted. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1986
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An Estimate of Variance Due to Traits in Leadership
Article Abstract:
Two kinds of studies, leadership trait identification and rotation design, may well have led to a kind of rejection on the part of many psychologists of trait rationales for leadership. There has been an overall lack of specificity in leadership traits. A social relations model is developed herein and its results suggest a high incidence of stable factors in leadership. The leadership trait may well have been more specifically adjustment-to- constituency oriented than a matter of any personality trait per se.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1983
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A cautionary note on the detection of method variance in multitrait-multimethod data
Article Abstract:
Method variance in multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data is often assessed by comparing the monomethod-heterotrait correlations to the heteromethod-heterotrait correlations in the MTMM matrix. Alternatively, method variance can be assessed within a confirmatory factor analysis of the MTMM data. It is shown that these two approaches are dissimilar theoretically and may give inconsistent assessments of method variance in practice. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1990
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