Relations between student characteristics, course content, and training outcomes: an integrative modeling effort
Article Abstract:
We have attempted to formulate a general multivariate model describing the relationships among individual attributes, course-content variables, and performance indexes in Air Force training programs. A series of interviews with course instructors and training managers led to the identification of 6 student-characteristics, 16 course-content, and 7 training-performance variables held to be important descriptors of the training process, regardless of the particular program under consideration. Measures of these variables were than obtained in 39 training courses containing 5,078 students. The relationships observed among these variables were used to develop a hypothetical model that was submitted to formal structural analysis. This structural model was cross-validated on a sample of 9 additional courses containing 890 students. In cross-validation, the model predicted training performance criteria with sufficient accuracy to be considered a valid descriptor of the technical training process. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
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Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: a laboratory experiment and field study
Article Abstract:
The hypothesis was tested that subordinates' impression-management tactics and performance affect supervisor-subordinate exchange quality by influencing supervisors' liking for and performance ratings of their subordinates. In Study 1, 96 undergraduates completed measures of liking, performance, and exchange quality after interacting with a subordinate who engaged in a high or low level of impression management and performed at a high, average, or low level of competence. LISREL results were consistent with the proposed model, In Study 2, 84 bank employees rated how frequently they engaged in each of 24 impression-management behaviors. Factor analysis revealed three types of tactics: job-focused, self-focused, and supervisor-focused. The employees' direct supervisors completed measures of liking, performance, and exchange quality. LISREL results indicated that supervisor-focused tactics affected supervisors' liking for subordinates, which in turn influenced exchange quality. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1990
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Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: the hidden cost of pay cuts
Article Abstract:
Employee theft rates were measured in manufacturing plants during a period in which pay was temporarily reduced by 15%. Compared with pre- or postreduction pay periods (or with control groups whose pay was unchanged), groups whose pay was reduced had significantly higher theft rates. When the basis for the pay cuts was thoroughly and sensitively explained to employees, feelings of inequity were lessened, and the theft rate was reduced as well. The data support equity theory's predictions regarding likely responses to underpayment and extend recently accumulated evidence demonstrating the mitigating effects of adequate explanations on feelings of inequity. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1990
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