Self-generated validity and other effects of measurement on belief, attitude, intention, and behavior
Article Abstract:
Drawing from recent developments in social cognition, cognitive psychology, and behavioral decision theory, we analyzed when and how the act of measuring beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors affects observed correlations among them. Belief, attitude, or intention can be created by measurement if the measured constructs do not already exist in long-term memory. The responses thus created can have directive effects on answers to other questions that follow in the survey. But even when counterparts to the beliefs, attitudes, and intentions measured already exist in memory, the structure of the survey researcher's questionnaire can affect observed correlations among them. The respondent may use retrieved answers to earlier survey questions as inputs to response generation to later questions. We present a simple theory predicting than an earlier response will be used as a basis for another, subsequent response if the former is accessible and if it is perceived to be more diagnostic than other accessible inputs. We outline the factors that determine both the perceived diagnosticity of a potential input, the likelihood that it will be retrieved, and the likelihood that some alternative (and potentially more diagnostic) inputs will be retrieved. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
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Relationship between Type A behavior pattern and mental and physical symptoms: a comparison of global and component measures
Article Abstract:
Although the Type A behavior pattern (TABP) is typically considered a set of distinct components, most studies of TABP have used global measures, which collapse several components into a single index. These measures are inherently multidimensional and, as such, contain several conceptual and methodological problems. In this study, data from 240 executives were used to compare global and component TABP measures as predictors of mental and physical symptoms. Global measures included the Bortner scale, the Framingham scale, and the Jenkins Activity Survey. Component measures were constructed by recombining items from the global measures on the basis of results from previous confirmatory factor analyses (Edwards, Baglioni, & Cooper, 1990). Results indicate that the component measures were superior to the global measures in terms of number of relationships detected, interpretability, and total explanatory power. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1991
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Implicit personality and performance appraisal: the influence of trait inferences on evaluations of behavior
Article Abstract:
Performance appraisal research has recently focused on the role of the rater and on the cognitive processing underlying the appraisal judgment task. Although recent appraisal models basically propose that the human information processing involved is schematic in nature, much of the support for this approach comes from social psychological findings concerning person judgments. The present study is an attempt to investigate the operation of schematic processes in the form of implicit personality theories related to performance judgments. Performance and trait ratings made by 200 management students of college professor vignettes were found to be influenced by the behaviors depicted in the vignettes, but the pattern of results also supported the operation of implicit personality theory in performance appraisal, even when ratee descriptions were artificially limited to contain information that was solely behavioral in nature. ( Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
User Contributions:
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