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Zoology and wildlife conservation

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Abstracts » Zoology and wildlife conservation

Multiple volcanic episodes of flood basalts caused by thermochemical mantle plumes

Article Abstract:

Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the entrainment of a dense eclogite-derived material at the base of the mantle by thermal plumes could develop secondary instabilities due to the interaction between thermal and compositional buoyancy forces. The characteristic timescales of the development of the secondary instabilities and the variation of the plume strength are compatible with the observations.

Author: Shu-Chuan Lin, van Keken, Peter E.
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2005
Observations, Plumes (Fluid dynamics)

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Helium solubility in olivine and implications for high (super 3)He/(super 4)He in ocean island basalts

Article Abstract:

The solubility of helium in natural and synthetic olivine at atmospheric pressure is measured. The results show that helium might be more compatible than uranium and thorium during mantle melting and that (super 3)He/(super 4)He ratios can be preserved in depleted residues of melting, which resolves the discrepancy in the relative helium concentrations of ocean island and mid-ocean-ridge basalts.

Author: Parman, Stephen W., Kurz, Mark D., Hart, Stanley, R.
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2005
Industrial Gas Manufacturing, Industrial gases, Helium, Earth, Mantle (Geology), Atmospheric pressure

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Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes

Article Abstract:

The glassy melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase crystals are used to develop a method for tracking pressure-temperature-crystallinity paths in magma beneath two active andesite volcanoes. The data are allied to ilmenite-magnetite geothermometry to show that the temperature of ascending magma increases by up to 100 degree Celsius, owing to the release of latent heat of crystallization.

Author: Blundy, Jon, Cashman, Kathy, Humphreys, Madeleine
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2006
Crystallization, Andesite

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Subjects list: Research, United States, Volcanoes, Basalt
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