Intraspecific competition influences food return-predation risk trade-off by White-crowned Sparrows

Article Abstract:

Winter flocking of White-crowned Sparrows exhibited trade-off of food return against predation risk in quantified testing of intraspecific aggression on the trade-off. Foraging against predation risk was apparent in the control treatments when more adults and immatures fed closer to caves. The amount of food, at which a shift occured to foraging farther from cover varied. White-crowned Sparrow traded-off food return despite predation risk influenced by the risk of social interaction.

Behavior, Food and nutrition, Predation (Biology), Sparrows, Competition (Biology)

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Influence of alternate host densities on Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism rates in Black-capped Vireos

Article Abstract:

Brown-headed cowbird parasitism rates in Black-capped Vireos were examined to test the density of alternate host species. A G-test determined parasitism rate differences between years among species and species density. Results showed that cowbird parasitism of Black-capped Vireos was greater in areas with the highest host density. Effects of cardinal density on cowbird parasitism suggest that densities of coexisting species should be considered.

Parasites, Parasitism, Cowbirds

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