Phylogenetic analyses of the homologous transmembrane channel-forming proteins of the F0F1-ATPases of bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria

Article Abstract:

The multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees of the three integral membrane subunits of the adenosine triphosphates of bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria are presented. The relative rates of evolutionary divergence of the three subunits are evaluated. Results indicate that, with a few exceptions, the genetic groupings of each of the subunits closely follow the phylogenies of the organisms from which they were derived. These observations point to the parallel evolution of the three subunits at different rates with little or no horizontal transmission of genetic information.

Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Adenosine triphosphatase

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Catabolite repression and inducer control in Gram-positive bacteria

Article Abstract:

A research effort focuses on how the phosphotransferase system (PTS) transports its sugar substrates, represses the synthesis of carbohydrate catabolic enzymes, inhibits PTS and non-PTS sugar uptake, and stimulates the efflux of accumulated sugars in a species-specific manner. Results show that the metabolite-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-46 in HPr has a significant role in catabolite repression and inducer level control in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

Analysis, Protein kinases, Phosphorylation

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Computer-based analysis of the protein constituents of transport systems catalysing export of complex carbohydrates in bacteria

Article Abstract:

Research using computer programs indicates that capsular polysaccharide and exopolysaccharide secretion depends upon the cytoplasmic-membrane-periplasmic auxiliary proteins MPA1 and MPA2 in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. An outer-membrane auxiliary protein is also also necessary in Gram-negative bacteria. The homologous proteins are vital to the movement of complex carbohydrates in to, and out of, the bacterial cell wall.

Physiological aspects, Carbohydrate metabolism

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