Protein kinase A and protein kinase C modulators have reciprocal effects on mesenchymal condensation during skin appendage morphogenesis

Article Abstract:

The feather bud domain is increased through elevation of dermal condensation ensured by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, but PKC activators and PKA inhibitors increase interbud domains. Diffused expression of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM) occurs in the mesenchyme through activation of PKA, and removal of N-CAM in the precondensed mesenchymal area is observed due to activation of PKC. During the formation of dermis layer at H and H stage 30, the immunoreactivity of PKC rises.

Physiological aspects, Growth, Cell adhesion molecules, Morphogenesis, Protein kinases, Dermis

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Nonhomologous RNA recombination in a cell-free system: evidence for a transesterification mechanism guided by secondary structure

Article Abstract:

The mechanism of RNA recombination was investigated using the molecular colony technique, a purified cell-free system composed of pure RNAs and a homogeneous preparation of Q-beta replicase, the bacteriophage Q-beta RNA-directed RNA polymerase. The results demonstrated that RNA recombination can proceed even without DNA intermediates and in the absence of host cell components.

Usage, Cloning, Molecular genetics

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Spatial redistribution of poly(A)+ RNA during polarization of the Fucus zygote is dependent upon microfilaments

Article Abstract:

The distribution of poly(A)+ RNA is symmetrical in the egg and early zygote of the brown alga Fucus and after creation of the polar axis the spatial redistribution of poly(A)+ RNA utilizes microtubules. After polarization poly(A)+ RNA suffer isolation to the thallus pole of the zygote and after cytokinesis a major part of poly(A)+ RNA is partitioned in the thallus cell.

Observations, Cytoplasmic filaments, Zygotes, Zygote

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