Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs

Article Abstract:

Two mammalian proteins Rac and Cdc42, controlling the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, help in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNKs) and p38\Mpk2. JNK and p38 help in the biological functioning of Rac, Cdc42Hs and Dbl in cell growth and proliferation. JNK acts a nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42Hs in response to Dbl, an oncoprotein. Rac1, intermediate between Ha-Ras and MEKK, helps in signaling cascade.

Research, Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Protein kinases, G proteins

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MyoD meets its maker

Article Abstract:

The molecular mechanism that regulates muscle gene expression, particularly the differentiation of skeletal muscles, has been the subject of recent research which led to the discovery of transcription factors such as MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5 and MRF4. It has also been recognized that Pax-3 is a major regulator of skeletal muscle development and that it is both necessary and sufficient for MyoD gene expression.

Myogenesis

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Conformational antagonism between opposing active sites in a bifunctional Re1A/SpoT homolog modulates (p)ppGpp metabolism during the stringent response

Article Abstract:

Intracellular signaling allarmone, (p)ppGpp triggers enzymes of the Rel/Spo family to enable bacteria to survive for prolonged periods. The structural investigations suggest a reciprocal regulation of the antagonistic catalytic activities and the same is supported by mutagenesis experiments.

Genetic research, Mutagenesis, Antibiosis

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