The generation of antibody diversity through somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination

Article Abstract:

A second wave of antibody diversification occurs through somatic hypermutation (SHM) or gene conversion (GC) of the V region to generate high-affinity antigen binding sites. The biochemical mechanisms of CSR (Class Switch Recombination) and SHM (Somatic Hyper Mutation) are discussed.

Antibody diversity, Bacterial antigens, O antigens

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RGS 10-null mutation impairs osteoclast differentiation resulting from the loss of [Ca.sup.2+ .sub.i]

Article Abstract:

The osteoclast differentiation that leads to bone diseases like osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis is hampered by mutation of regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10). It leads to prevention o Calcium ion fluctuation.

Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis, Osteoclasts (Biology)

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Exploiting quantitative trait loci in gene discovery

Article Abstract:

The loci that contributes to the difference between the parents are referred to as quantitative trait loci(QTL). QTL or mutation serve as a tool in gene discovery.

Quantitative trait loci

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