Phanerozoic biodiversity mass extinctions

Article Abstract:

A study conducted revealed that only three events, namely, the end-Ordovician, end-Permian, and end-Cretaceous can be separated from the continuum of post-Early Ordovician extinction intensities by using the criterion of magnitude. It is believed that only the end-Permian and end-Cretaceous mass extinctions were so severe that the nature of marine faunas changed in their aftermath.

United States, Mass extinction, Mass extinction theory, Phanerozoic Eon

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Evolution of the North American Cordillera

Article Abstract:

Geologic analysis of the Cordilleran orogen, forming the western mountains system of North America is discussed. Cenozoic interaction with intra-Pacific seafloor spreading systems fostered transform faulting along the Cordilleran continental margin and promoted incipient rupture of continental curst within the adjacent continental crust within the adjacent continental block.

Arizona, Analysis, Continental margins

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Madagascar: heads it's a continent, tails it's an island

Article Abstract:

The issue whether Madagascar should be treated as a Continent or as an island is discussed. Neither geologists nor biologists have a definition that is capable of classifying Madagascar unambiguously as an island or a continent, nor can they incorporate Malagasy natural history into a single model rooted in Africa or Asia.

Madagascar, Environmental aspects

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