Successive orthogonal and oblique extension episodes in a rift zone: laboratory experiments with application to the Ethiopian Rift

Article Abstract:

The effects of a two-stage orthogonal and oblique extension history on a rift zone were analyzed via small-scale modeling to characterize the evolution of the Ethiopian Rift. Analysis of the two-layer brittle-ductile model of successive orthogonal and oblique extension episodes within a rift indicated the presence of asymmetrical distributions of fault direction. Furthermore, analysis of the first oblique-second orthogonal extension sequence indicated the role of the initially developed faults in controlling the development of subsequent faults.

Analysis, Faults (Geology), Geomorphology, Rifts (Geology)

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Indenter growth in analogue models of Alpine-type deformation

Article Abstract:

Continental convergence as observed in a profile through the Central Alps, was simulated using a series of analogue experiments. A rigid indenter represented the Adriatic plate, and where it dipped at 45 degrees or less, a sand wedge rose, while at 60 degrees or more a single forekink and one ore more backkinks defined the wedge. It is suggested that portions of the sand pack and rising wedge are transferred over kink bands, forming an effective indenter.

Subduction zones (Geology), Subduction zones

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Dynamics of magma emplacement in centrifuge models of continental extension with implications for flank volcanism

Article Abstract:

Research into extension in ductile-brittle systems is presented. This work focused on the distribution and spacing of faults in the brittle crust and on features influencing flow and magma emplacement in the lower crust. It was found that, in general, extension was accommodated by normal faulting in the brittle layer and lateral flow of viscous layers.

Research, Volcanism, Magma, Continental margins

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