Environmental policy under oligopoly with endogenous market structure

Article Abstract:

The effectiveness of environmental policies that feature emission taxes was analyzed in both oligopolistic and endogenous market structures. It was revealed that under endogenous market structures, the optimal tax rate often exceeded the marginal external damages. This means that externalities produced oligopolistic firms can be controlled by over-internalizing environmental damages. It was concluded that a tax scheme featuring license fees and second-best under-internalizing emissions taxes are more effective in reducing environmental damage in endogenous market structures.

Taxation, Pollution, Environmental policy, Oligopolies

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R & D subsidies and economic growth

Article Abstract:

Subsidies covering innovative research and development (R & D), which involves resource investments of firms intending to develop products with higher quality, results to faster economic growth. In contrast, while imitative R & D subsidies also allows consumers to acquire knowledge from their efforts to copy products from innovative R & D, they consequently lead to protracted economic growth. The negative effect stems from the diminishing returns normally associated with R & D activities.

Models, Research, Subsidies

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Endogenous spillovers and the performance of research joint ventures

Article Abstract:

A model to represent research and development efforts with internal spillovers of information was developed to show that non-cooperative information sharing can result into maximum spillover. Findings also indicated that when maximum spillover is attained by noncooperation, the same is true for research joint ventures. However, minimal noncooperative spillovers indicate partial, but not necessarily maximal, spillovers by a research joint venture.

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