Japan's trade policy: a mini-symposium

Article Abstract:

Japan does not want to follow the subsidization program for agricultural exports followed by both the US and the EC. The country has also denied that non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs) are integral factors of its trade policy and argue that such barriers are born of natural trading practice and culture. Some analysts recognize that Japanese trade policy is conditioned by measures that the country adopts to adjust to US and EC trade relations.

United States

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VERs as a prominent feature of Japanese trade policy: their rationale, costs and benefits

Article Abstract:

Voluntary export restraints (VERs) have generated gains for Japan as a trade policy tool more than the implementation of equivalent tariffs and quotas. This result is implied in the removal of US VERs on Japanese car imports and increasing British consumer demand for their replacement. In addition, VERs have become a suitable alternative for countries such as Japan that are not covered by the GATT.

International trade regulation

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The Euro: why? how? significance?

Article Abstract:

The Euro, currency member nations of the European Union decided to adopt on Jan 1, 1999, is supported by the majority of people because they equate currencies with national sovereignties. Among the elements that should be included in the decision to adopt the new currency are a single central bank, a common pool of foreign exchange reserves, and an explicit harmonization of monetary policies.

Social aspects, Euro (Currency)

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