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Same song, same refrain? Economic sanctions in the 1990's

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to analyze economic sanctions in the 1990s and examine policy and methodological concerns. The overall costs of economic sanctions to target countries were examined. Issues promotion the creation of economic sanctions were analyzed. These include civil chaos, human rights, narcotics, and terrorism. Results indicated that the 1990s crop of sanctions was about as successful as the crop from the 1970s and 1980s.

Author: Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, Elliott, Kimberly Ann
Publisher: American Economic Association
Publication Name: American Economic Review
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0002-8282
Year: 1999
Economic sanctions, Sanctions (International law)

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An empirical assessment of the proximity-concentration trade-off between multinational sales and trade

Article Abstract:

Industrial location decisions present a trade off between proximity to customers and achieving production capacity similar to scale economies. The study was based on the analysis of trade-offs pressuring firms when they decide to put up foreign operations. The study also reveals that transport costs and trade barriers in foreign investments are the counterparts of scale economies and investment barriers in the corporate level.

Author: Brainard, S. Lael
Publisher: American Economic Association
Publication Name: American Economic Review
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0002-8282
Year: 1997
Foreign Operations Analysis, Foreign investments, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Business expansion, Economies of scale, Foreign operations (Business)

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Subjects list: Analysis, International trade
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